Sensor array for image recognition

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a sensor array for image recognition, comprising several optical sensor elements (R, G, B) of a first type that are disposed in the shape of a grid and react to light in the visible wavelength range, wherein additional sensor elements (IR) of a second type are provided in addition to the sensor elements (R, G, B) of the first type, which react to light in the invisible wavelength range.

[0001] The invention relates to a sensor arrangement for image recognition as claimed in the preamble of claim 1. It is known that a digital camera can be arranged in a motor vehicle in order to photograph an image of the driver, wherein the image of the driver photographed by the camera can be analyzed in different ways.

[0002] One possible technical application comprises connecting the camera to a video telephone in order to allow a video telephone transmission from the motor vehicle.

[0003] A further technical application comprises a fatigue detection system in which images of the driver's face are photographed during the journey, the fatigue state of the driver being derived from the frequency of blinking, for example.

[0004] Finally, the image of the driver photographed by the camera can also be used to identify the driver, in order to permit the use of the motor vehicle only by a specific person with a predetermined physiognomy, while disabling the motor vehicle for other people.

[0005] A problem arises in this context, in that precisely defined light conditions must be present for both the fatigue detection and the person identification, in order to prevent an erroneous identification due to fluctuating light conditions. Therefore, for the purpose of fatigue detection and person identification, the use of an infrared camera is known, so that exactly defined lighting conditions can be created by means of infrared spotlights.

[0006] However, this has the disadvantage that, in addition to the daylight-sensitive camera for the video telephone, an infrared camera is required for the fatigue detection and the person identification.

[0007] The invention therefore addresses the problem of creating an optical sen sor arrangement for image recognition, which sensor arrangement allows the use of a single camera for a fatigue detection or a person identification under exactly defined light conditions, and for taking photographs of normal images, for example for a video telephone.

[0008] Taking a known sensor arrangement as per the preamble of claim 1 as a starting point, the problem is solved by the characterizing features in claim 1.

[0009] The invention includes the general technical teaching of providing, in a sensor arrangement for image recognition having a plurality of optical sensor elements arranged in a raster layout, not only sensor elements which respond to light in the visible wavelength range, but also sensor elements which respond to light in the invisible wavelength range. The sensors which respond to light in the visible wavelength range are used in this context to photograph a normal monochromatic or polychromatic image, for a video telephone for example, whereas the sensor elements which respond to light in the invisible wavelength range are capable of photographing an image of the driver under exactly defined light conditions, since the interfering influence of the environmental lighting does not apply.

[0010] The sensor elements of the second type, which respond to light in the invisible wavelength range, are preferably infrared sensor elements, though the sensor elements of the second type can also respond to light in other wavelength ranges. It is however essential that the sensor elements of the second type do not capture the normal environmental lighting, so that defined light conditions can be created by means of an artificial lighting for the fatigue detection and the person identification.

[0011] The individual sensor elements can comprise, for example, a light-sensitive cell to which a color filter is attached, the color filters attached to the sensor elements of the first type preferably being sensitive in the red, green and blue range, and the color filters attached to the sensor elements of the second type preferably allowing the transmission of light in the infrared range.

[0012] The sensor arrangement preferably features a plurality of adjacent modules arranged in a raster layout, said modules including at least one sensor element of the first type and at least one sensor element of the second type. Individual modules can be square, for example, featuring three sensor elements of the first type, which respond to light in the three elementary colors red, green and blue, together with a sensor element of the second type, which responds to light in the infrared range.

[0013] The sensor elements of the first type and the sensor elements of the second type can be connected to a shared electric output, in which the separation of the different images takes place by means of separate hardware or software. However, it is also possible for the sensor elements of the first type to be connected to a first electric signal output, while the sensor elements of the second type are connected to a second electric signal output, such that the different images are presented separately at the two signal outputs.

[0014] In the preferred embodiment, the distribution density of the sensor elements of the first type is significantly greater than the distribution density of the sensor elements of the second type. However, a plurality of sensor elements of the first type normally form a raster point together, whereas each sensor element of the second type preferably forms a separate raster point, so that the raster density (pixel density) for both types of sensor element is preferably equal.

[0015] Additionally, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention, at least one spotlight is provided for lighting the image object, which spotlight emits light of a wavelength to which only the sensor elements of the second type respond. This is important so that defined light conditions can be created for the person identification and if applicable for the fatigue detection, while the spotlight must not interfere with the capture of the normal image, for example for the video telephone. The spotlight can comprise one or more infrared light-emitting diodes for this purpose.

[0016] Furthermore, in a variant of the invention, provision is also made for the sensor elements to be connected to a selector unit which selects alternatively one of the two images, wherein the selector unit is preferably connected to the spotlight in order to synchronize the activation of the spotlight with the selection of the sensor element. The lighting of the image object with light in the invisible wavelength range therefore only occurs when the selector unit also selects the sensor elements of the second type, whereas the spotlight can remain extinguished at other times.

[0017] In a further variant of the invention, provision is also made for connecting the sensor elements to an exposure controller in order to set the exposure duration of the sensor elements. The exposure controller preferably has two settings with different exposure durations. This is advantageous, since a long exposure duration is required when photographing an image for a video telephone, whereas very short exposure durations are useful for fatigue detection.

[0018] In accordance with a variant of the invention, provision is made for a sampling unit which samples, at a predetermined image refresh rate, the images generated by the sensor elements. The sampling unit preferably samples alternately both the sensor elements of the first type and the sensor elements of the second type in a first sampling step, and only the sensor elements of the second type in a subsequent second sampling step. In this way, different image refresh rates are produced for the normal RGB image on the one hand and the IR image on the other hand, which satisfies the technical requirements described above in respect of the different technical applications. In this context, typical image refresh rates are 50 Hertz for the IR image and 25 Hertz for the RGB image.

[0019] It should also be noted that the sensor arrangement according to the invention can also be used, for example, in mobile devices such as mobile telephones, for example. Use of the sensor arrangement according to the invention is particularly advantageous in UMTS mobile telephones. Use in a mobile telephone of the sensor arrangement according to the invention therefore allows user identification, for example, by recording an infrared image of the user under defined IR lighting conditions. The use of the mobile telephone is only then enabled if the user identification indicates that the user is authorized. Furthermore, use in a mobile telephone of the sensor arrangement according to the invention allows an image transmission by means of an infrared image under poor light conditions.

[0020] Other advantageous variants and developments of the invention are characterized in the dependent claims and explained below in greater detail together with the description of the preferred exemplary embodiment and with reference to the figures, in which:

[0021] FIG. 1 shows a sensor arrangement according to the invention as a block schematic diagram,

[0022] FIG. 2a shows a raster mask with a plurality of sensor elements, and

[0023] FIG. 2b shows an alternative raster mask.

[0024] The sensor arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 is used for recording the face of the driver in a passenger motor vehicle. For this, the sensor arrangement has an optical sensor 1, which can be arranged in the roof paneling of the vehicle, for example, and is directed at the face of the driver. The optical sensor 1 has a multiplicity of CCD sensor elements, which are distributed in a raster layout on a plane as illustrated in FIG. 2a. The individual sensor elements are arranged in lines and columns in a raster layout in accordance with FIG. 2a, in which alternate sensor elements responding to red and green light respectively are arranged on the odd lines, while alternate sensor elements responding to infrared and blue light respectively are arranged on the even lines. Consequently, the raster arrangement in accordance with FIG. 2a comprises a multiplicity of square modules, which contain two sensor elements of a first type being responsive to visible light, and one sensor element of a second type being responsive to infrared light.

[0025] On the output side, the sensor 1 is connected to a control and analysis unit 2, which has a plurality of functions as described below.

[0026] Firstly, the control and analysis unit 2 functions as a sampling unit and samples the individual sensor elements in sequence, the sensor elements of the first type being sampled before the sensor element of the second type in each module.

[0027] Secondly, the control and analysis unit 2 operates as a selector unit and provides a normal color image RGB and an infrared image IR separately on the output side.

[0028] Finally, the control and analysis unit 2 is responsible for generating defined light conditions during the person identification and during the fatigue detection. For this, the control and analysis unit 2 is connected to two spotlights 3, 4 on the output side, which spotlights imitate light in the infrared wavelength range in the direction of the driver. The spotlights 3, 4 comprise infrared light-emitting diodes which are arranged adjacently to the sensor 1.

[0029] On the output side, the control and analysis unit 2 is connected to a fatigue sensor 5, a video telephone 6 and a face recognition unit 7, which are only illustrated schematically for simplification.

[0030] FIG. 2b shows an alternative arrangement of the sensor elements which are distributed in a raster layout, in which the individual sensor elements are designed and arranged in strip format.

[0031] The invention is not restricted to the preferred exemplary embodiment described above. On the contrary, it is possible to conceive of a multiplicity of variants and adaptations which make use of the inventive idea and therefore likewise fall within the scope of protection. 

1. A sensor arrangement for image recognition, having a plurality of optical sensor elements (R,G,B) of a first type, said sensor elements being arranged in a raster layout and responding to light in the visible wavelength range in each case, characterized in that further sensor elements (IR) of a second type are provided in addition to the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type, said further sensor elements responding to light in the invisible wavelength range.
 2. The sensor arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the sensor elements (IR) of the second type are arranged in a raster layout between the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type.
 3. The sensor arrangement as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the sensor elements (IR) of the second type respond to light in the infrared range.
 4. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type and/or the sensor elements (IR) of the second type have a light-sensitive cell and a color filter.
 5. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of modules comprising at least one sensor element (R,G,B) of the first type and at least one sensor element (IR) of the second type are arranged adjacently in a raster layout.
 6. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type are connected to a first electric signal output, while the sensor elements (IR) of the second type are connected to a second electric output.
 7. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distribution density of the sensor elements (R.G,B) of the first type is significantly greater than the distribution density of the sensor elements (IR) of the second type.
 8. The sensor arrangement as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that the distribution density of the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type is essentially three times greater than the distribution density of the sensor elements (IR) of the second type.
 9. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one spotlight (3, 4) is provided for lighting the image object, said spotlight emitting light with a wavelength to which only the sensor elements (IR) of the second type respond.
 10. The sensor arrangement as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that the spotlight (3, 4) comprises at least one infrared light-emitting diode.
 11. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a selector unit (2) is provided for selecting either the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type or the sensor elements (IR) of the second type.
 12. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selector unit (2) is connected to the spotlight (3, 4) in order to synchronize the activation of the spotlight (3, 4) with the selection of the sensor elements (R,G,B,IR).
 13. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type and the sensor elements (IR) of the second type are connected to an exposure controller (2), in order to set the exposure duration of the sensor elements (R,G,B,IR).
 14. The sensor arrangement as claimed in claim 13, characterized in that the exposure controller (2) has two settings with different exposure durations.
 15. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type and/or the sensor elements (IR) of the second type are connected to a sampling unit (2) which, at a predetermined image refresh rate, samples images generated by the sensor elements.
 16. The sensor arrangement as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that the sampling unit (2) alternately samples both the sensor elements (R,G,B) of the first type and the sensor elements (IR) of the second type in a first sampling step, and only the sensor elements (IR) of the second type in a subsequent second sampling step.
 17. The sensor arrangement as claimed in at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sensor elements are CCD elements or CMOS elements. 